A prototype model: a model for passing parameters between functions. More...

#include <fspec.hh>

Inheritance diagram for ghidra::ProtoModel:

Public Types
enum	{ extrapop_unknown = 0x8000 }

Public Member Functions
	ProtoModel (Architecture *g)
	Constructor for use with decode() More...

	ProtoModel (const string &nm, const ProtoModel &op2)
	Copy constructor changing the name. More...

virtual	~ProtoModel (void)
	Destructor.

const string &	getName (void) const
	Get the name of the prototype model.

Architecture *	getArch (void) const
	Get the owning Architecture.

const ProtoModel *	getAliasParent (void) const
	Return model this is an alias of (or null)

uint4	hasEffect (const Address &addr, int4 size) const
	Determine side-effect of this on the given memory range. More...

int4	getExtraPop (void) const
	Get the stack-pointer extrapop for this model.

void	setExtraPop (int4 ep)
	Set the stack-pointer extrapop.

int4	getInjectUponEntry (void) const
	Get the inject uponentry id.

int4	getInjectUponReturn (void) const
	Get the inject uponreturn id.

bool	isCompatible (const ProtoModel *op2) const
	Return true if other given model can be substituted for this. More...

void	deriveInputMap (ParamActive *active) const
	Given a list of input trials, derive the most likely input prototype. More...

void	deriveOutputMap (ParamActive *active) const
	Given a list of output trials, derive the most likely output prototype. More...

void	assignParameterStorage (const vector< Datatype *> &typelist, vector< ParameterPieces > &res, bool ignoreOutputError)
	Calculate input and output storage locations given a function prototype. More...

bool	checkInputJoin (const Address &hiaddr, int4 hisize, const Address &loaddr, int4 losize) const
	Check if the given two input storage locations can represent a single logical parameter. More...

bool	checkOutputJoin (const Address &hiaddr, int4 hisize, const Address &loaddr, int4 losize) const
	Check if the given two output storage locations can represent a single logical return value. More...

bool	checkInputSplit (const Address &loc, int4 size, int4 splitpoint) const
	Check if it makes sense to split a single storage location into two input parameters. More...

const RangeList &	getLocalRange (void) const
	Get the range of (possible) local stack variables.

const RangeList &	getParamRange (void) const
	Get the range of (possible) stack parameters.

vector< EffectRecord >::const_iterator	effectBegin (void) const
	Get an iterator to the first EffectRecord.

vector< EffectRecord >::const_iterator	effectEnd (void) const
	Get an iterator to the last EffectRecord.

vector< VarnodeData >::const_iterator	trashBegin (void) const
	Get an iterator to the first likelytrash.

vector< VarnodeData >::const_iterator	trashEnd (void) const
	Get an iterator to the last likelytrash.

int4	characterizeAsInputParam (const Address &loc, int4 size) const
	Characterize whether the given range overlaps parameter storage. More...

int4	characterizeAsOutput (const Address &loc, int4 size) const
	Characterize whether the given range overlaps output storage. More...

bool	possibleInputParam (const Address &loc, int4 size) const
	Does the given storage location make sense as an input parameter. More...

bool	possibleOutputParam (const Address &loc, int4 size) const
	Does the given storage location make sense as a return value. More...

bool	possibleInputParamWithSlot (const Address &loc, int4 size, int4 &slot, int4 &slotsize) const
	Pass-back the slot and slot size for the given storage location as an input parameter. More...

bool	possibleOutputParamWithSlot (const Address &loc, int4 size, int4 &slot, int4 &slotsize) const
	Pass-back the slot and slot size for the given storage location as a return value. More...

bool	unjustifiedInputParam (const Address &loc, int4 size, VarnodeData &res) const
	Check if the given storage location looks like an unjustified input parameter. More...

OpCode	assumedInputExtension (const Address &addr, int4 size, VarnodeData &res) const
	Get the type of extension and containing input parameter for the given storage. More...

OpCode	assumedOutputExtension (const Address &addr, int4 size, VarnodeData &res) const
	Get the type of extension and containing return value location for the given storage. More...

bool	getBiggestContainedInputParam (const Address &loc, int4 size, VarnodeData &res) const
	Pass-back the biggest input parameter contained within the given range. More...

bool	getBiggestContainedOutput (const Address &loc, int4 size, VarnodeData &res) const
	Pass-back the biggest possible output parameter contained within the given range. More...

AddrSpace *	getSpacebase (void) const
	Get the stack space associated with this model.

bool	isStackGrowsNegative (void) const
	Return true if the stack grows toward smaller addresses.

bool	hasThisPointer (void) const
	Is this a model for (non-static) class methods.

bool	isConstructor (void) const
	Is this model for class constructors.

bool	printInDecl (void) const
	Return true if name should be printed in function declarations.

void	setPrintInDecl (bool val)
	Set whether this name should be printed in function declarations.

int4	getMaxInputDelay (void) const
	Return the maximum heritage delay across all possible input parameters. More...

int4	getMaxOutputDelay (void) const
	Return the maximum heritage delay across all possible return values. More...

virtual bool	isMerged (void) const
	Is this a merged prototype model.

virtual bool	isUnknown (void) const
	Is this an unrecognized prototype model.

virtual void	decode (Decoder &decoder)
	Restore this model from a stream. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static uint4	lookupEffect (const vector< EffectRecord > &efflist, const Address &addr, int4 size)
	Look up an effect from the given EffectRecord list. More...

static int4	lookupRecord (const vector< EffectRecord > &efflist, int4 listSize, const Address &addr, int4 size)
	Look up a particular EffectRecord from a given list by its Address and size. More...

Private Member Functions
void	defaultLocalRange (void)
	Set the default stack range used for local variables.

void	defaultParamRange (void)
	Set the default stack range used for input parameters.

void	buildParamList (const string &strategy)
	Establish the main resource lists for input and output parameters. More...

Private Attributes
Architecture *	glb
	The Architecture owning this prototype model.

string	name
	Name of the model.

int4	extrapop
	Extra bytes popped from stack.

ParamList *	input
	Resource model for input parameters.

ParamList *	output
	Resource model for output parameters.

const ProtoModel *	compatModel
	The model this is a copy of.

vector< EffectRecord >	effectlist
	List of side-effects.

vector< VarnodeData >	likelytrash
	Storage locations potentially carrying trash values.

int4	injectUponEntry
	Id of injection to perform at beginning of function (-1 means not used)

int4	injectUponReturn
	Id of injection to perform after a call to this function (-1 means not used)

RangeList	localrange
	Memory range(s) of space-based locals.

RangeList	paramrange
	Memory range(s) of space-based parameters.

bool	stackgrowsnegative
	True if stack parameters have (normal) low address to high address ordering.

bool	hasThis
	True if this model has a this parameter (auto-parameter)

bool	isConstruct
	True if this model is a constructor for a particular object.

bool	isPrinted
	True if this model should be printed as part of function declarations.

Friends
class	ProtoModelMerged

Detailed Description

A prototype model: a model for passing parameters between functions.

This encompasses both input parameters and return values. It attempts to describe the ABI, Application Binary Interface, of the processor or compiler. Any number of function prototypes (FuncProto) can be implemented under a prototype model, which represents a static rule set the compiler uses to decide:

Storage locations for input parameters
Storage locations for return values
Expected side-effects of a function on other (non-parameter) registers and storage locations
Behavior of the stack and the stack pointer across function calls

Major analysis concerns are:

Recovering function prototypes from data-flow information: deriveInputMap() and deriveOutputMap()
Calculating parameter storage locations given a function prototype: assignParameterStorage()
Behavior of data-flow around call sites

A prototype model supports the concept of extrapop, which is defined as the change in value of the stack pointer (or the number of bytes popped from the stack) across a call. This value is calculated starting from the point of the p-code CALL or CALLIND op, when the stack parameters have already been pushed by the calling function. So extrapop only reflects changes made by the callee.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
extrapop_unknown	Reserved extrapop value meaning the function's extrapop is unknown.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ ProtoModel() [1/2]

ghidra::ProtoModel::ProtoModel ( Architecture * g )

Constructor for use with decode()

Parameters

g	is the Architecture that will own the new prototype model

◆ ProtoModel() [2/2]

ghidra::ProtoModel::ProtoModel	(	const string &	nm,
		const ProtoModel &	op2
	)

Copy constructor changing the name.

Everything is copied from the given prototype model except the name

Parameters

nm	is the new name for this copy
op2	is the prototype model to copy

References ghidra::ParamList::clone(), effectlist, extrapop, glb, hasThis, injectUponEntry, injectUponReturn, input, isConstruct, likelytrash, localrange, ghidra::AddrSpace::name, output, paramrange, and stackgrowsnegative.

Member Function Documentation

◆ assignParameterStorage()

void ghidra::ProtoModel::assignParameterStorage	(	const vector< Datatype *> &	typelist,
		vector< ParameterPieces > &	res,
		bool	ignoreOutputError
	)

Calculate input and output storage locations given a function prototype.

The data-types of the function prototype are passed in as an ordered list, with the first data-type corresponding to the return value and all remaining data-types corresponding to the input parameters. Based on this model, a storage location is selected for each (input and output) parameter and passed back to the caller. The passed back storage locations are ordered similarly, with the output storage as the first entry. The model has the option of inserting a hidden return value pointer in the input storage locations.

A void return type is indicated by the formal TYPE_VOID in the (either) list. If the model can't map the specific output prototype, the caller has the option of whether an exception (ParamUnassignedError) is thrown. If they choose not to throw, the unmapped return value is assumed to be void.

Parameters

typelist	is the list of data-types from the function prototype
res	will hold the storage locations for each parameter
ignoreOutputError	is true if problems assigning the output parameter are ignored

Referenced by ghidra::ProtoStoreInternal::decode().

◆ assumedInputExtension()

OpCode ghidra::ProtoModel::assumedInputExtension	(	const Address &	addr,
		int4	size,
		VarnodeData &	res
	)		const

inline

Get the type of extension and containing input parameter for the given storage.

If the given storage is properly contained within a normal parameter and the model typically extends a small value into the full container, pass back the full container and the type of extension.

Parameters

addr	is the starting address of the given storage
size	is the number of bytes in the given storage
res	is the parameter storage to pass back

Returns: the extension operator (INT_ZEXT INT_SEXT) or INT_COPY if there is no extension. INT_PIECE indicates the extension is determined by the specific prototype.

References ghidra::ParamList::assumedExtension().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::assumedInputExtension().

◆ assumedOutputExtension()

OpCode ghidra::ProtoModel::assumedOutputExtension	(	const Address &	addr,
		int4	size,
		VarnodeData &	res
	)		const

inline

Get the type of extension and containing return value location for the given storage.

If the given storage is properly contained within a normal return value location and the model typically extends a small value into the full container, pass back the full container and the type of extension.

Parameters

addr	is the starting address of the given storage
size	is the number of bytes in the given storage
res	is the parameter storage to pass back

Returns: the extension operator (INT_ZEXT INT_SEXT) or INT_COPY if there is no extension. INT_PIECE indicates the extension is determined by the specific prototype.

References ghidra::ParamList::assumedExtension().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::assumedOutputExtension().

◆ buildParamList()

void ghidra::ProtoModel::buildParamList ( const string & strategy )

private

Establish the main resource lists for input and output parameters.

Generate derived ParamList objects based on a given strategy

Parameters

strategy is the resource strategy: currently "standard" or "register"

◆ characterizeAsInputParam()

int4 ghidra::ProtoModel::characterizeAsInputParam	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size
	)		const

inline

Characterize whether the given range overlaps parameter storage.

Does the range naturally fit inside a potential parameter entry from this model or does it contain a parameter entry. Return one of four values indicating this characterization:

no_containment - there is no containment between the range and any parameter in this list
contains_unjustified - at least one parameter contains the range
contains_justified - at least one parameter contains this range as its least significant bytes
contained_by - no parameter contains this range, but the range contains at least one parameter
Parameters

loc is the starting address of the given range

size is the number of bytes in the given range

Returns
the characterization code

References ghidra::ParamList::characterizeAsParam().

◆ characterizeAsOutput()

int4 ghidra::ProtoModel::characterizeAsOutput	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size
	)		const

inline

Characterize whether the given range overlaps output storage.

Does the range naturally fit inside a potential output entry from this model or does it contain an output entry. Return one of four values indicating this characterization:

no_containment - there is no containment between the range and any parameter in this list
contains_unjustified - at least one parameter contains the range
contains_justified - at least one parameter contains this range as its least significant bytes
contained_by - no parameter contains this range, but the range contains at least one parameter
Parameters

loc is the starting address of the given range

size is the number of bytes in the given range

Returns
the characterization code

References ghidra::ParamList::characterizeAsParam().

◆ checkInputJoin()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::checkInputJoin	(	const Address &	hiaddr,
		int4	hisize,
		const Address &	loaddr,
		int4	losize
	)		const

inline

Check if the given two input storage locations can represent a single logical parameter.

Within the conventions of this model, do the two (hi/lo) locations represent consecutive input parameter locations that can be replaced by a single logical parameter.

Parameters

hiaddr	is the address of the most significant part of the value
hisize	is the size of the most significant part in bytes
loaddr	is the address of the least significant part of the value
losize	is the size of the least significant part in bytes

Returns: true if the two pieces can be joined

References ghidra::ParamList::checkJoin().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::checkInputJoin().

◆ checkInputSplit()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::checkInputSplit	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		int4	splitpoint
	)		const

inline

Check if it makes sense to split a single storage location into two input parameters.

A storage location and split point is provided, implying two new storage locations. Does this model allow these locations to be considered separate parameters.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of provided storage location
size	is the size of the location in bytes
splitpoint	is the number of bytes to consider in the first (in address order) piece

Returns: true if the storage location can be split

References ghidra::ParamList::checkSplit().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::checkInputSplit().

◆ checkOutputJoin()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::checkOutputJoin	(	const Address &	hiaddr,
		int4	hisize,
		const Address &	loaddr,
		int4	losize
	)		const

inline

Check if the given two output storage locations can represent a single logical return value.

Within the conventions of this model, do the two (hi/lo) locations represent consecutive locations that can be replaced by a single logical return value.

Parameters

hiaddr	is the address of the most significant part of the value
hisize	is the size of the most significant part in bytes
loaddr	is the address of the least significant part of the value
losize	is the size of the least significant part in bytes

Returns: true if the two pieces can be joined

References ghidra::ParamList::checkJoin().

◆ decode()

void ghidra::ProtoModel::decode ( Decoder & decoder )

virtual

Restore this model from a stream.

Parse details about this model from a <prototype> element

Parameters

decoder is the stream decoder

Reimplemented in ghidra::ProtoModelMerged.

References ghidra::InjectPayload::CALLMECHANISM_TYPE, ghidra::Decoder::closeElement(), ghidra::EffectRecord::compareByAddress(), ghidra::Range::decode(), ghidra::Range::getFirst(), ghidra::Range::getLast(), ghidra::InjectPayload::getName(), ghidra::Decoder::getNextAttributeId(), ghidra::Range::getSpace(), ghidra::EffectRecord::killedbycall, ghidra::AddrSpace::name, ghidra::Decoder::openElement(), ghidra::Decoder::peekElement(), ghidra::Decoder::readBool(), ghidra::Decoder::readSignedIntegerExpectString(), ghidra::Decoder::readString(), ghidra::EffectRecord::return_address, ghidra::AddrSpace::stackGrowsNegative(), and ghidra::EffectRecord::unaffected.

Referenced by ghidra::Architecture::decodeProto().

◆ deriveInputMap()

void ghidra::ProtoModel::deriveInputMap ( ParamActive * active ) const

inline

Given a list of input trials, derive the most likely input prototype.

Trials are sorted and marked as used or not.

Parameters

active is the collection of Varnode input trials

References ghidra::ParamList::fillinMap().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::deriveInputMap().

◆ deriveOutputMap()

void ghidra::ProtoModel::deriveOutputMap ( ParamActive * active ) const

inline

Given a list of output trials, derive the most likely output prototype.

One trial (at most) is marked used and moved to the front of the list

Parameters

active is the collection of output trials

References ghidra::ParamList::fillinMap().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::deriveOutputMap().

◆ getBiggestContainedInputParam()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::getBiggestContainedInputParam	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		VarnodeData &	res
	)		const

inline

Pass-back the biggest input parameter contained within the given range.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the given range
size	is the number of bytes in the range
res	will hold the parameter storage description being passed back

Returns: true if there is at least one parameter contained in the range

References ghidra::ParamList::getBiggestContainedParam().

◆ getBiggestContainedOutput()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::getBiggestContainedOutput	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		VarnodeData &	res
	)		const

inline

Pass-back the biggest possible output parameter contained within the given range.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the given range
size	is the number of bytes in the range
res	will hold the storage description being passed back

Returns: true if there is at least one possible output parameter contained in the range

References ghidra::ParamList::getBiggestContainedParam().

◆ getMaxInputDelay()

int4 ghidra::ProtoModel::getMaxInputDelay ( void ) const

inline

Return the maximum heritage delay across all possible input parameters.

Depending on the address space, data-flow for a parameter may not be available until extra transform passes have completed. This method returns the number of passes that must occur before we can guarantee that all parameters have data-flow info.

Returns: the maximum number of passes across all input parameters in this model

References ghidra::ParamList::getMaxDelay().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::getMaxInputDelay().

◆ getMaxOutputDelay()

int4 ghidra::ProtoModel::getMaxOutputDelay ( void ) const

inline

Return the maximum heritage delay across all possible return values.

Depending on the address space, data-flow for a parameter may not be available until extra transform passes have completed. This method returns the number of passes that must occur before we can guarantee that any return value has data-flow info.

Returns: the maximum number of passes across all output parameters in this model

References ghidra::ParamList::getMaxDelay().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::getMaxOutputDelay().

◆ hasEffect()

uint4 ghidra::ProtoModel::hasEffect	(	const Address &	addr,
		int4	size
	)		const

Determine side-effect of this on the given memory range.

The model is searched for an EffectRecord matching the given range and the effect type is returned. If there is no EffectRecord or the effect generally isn't known, EffectRecord::unknown_effect is returned.

Parameters

addr	is the starting address of the given memory range
size	is the number of bytes in the given range

Returns: the EffectRecord type

◆ isCompatible()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::isCompatible ( const ProtoModel * op2 ) const

Return true if other given model can be substituted for this.

Test whether one ProtoModel can substituted for another during FuncCallSpecs::deindirect Currently this can only happen if one model is a copy of the other except for the hasThis boolean property.

Parameters

op2	is the other ProtoModel to compare with this

Returns: true if the two models are compatible

References compatModel.

◆ lookupEffect()

uint4 ghidra::ProtoModel::lookupEffect	(	const vector< EffectRecord > &	efflist,
		const Address &	addr,
		int4	size
	)

static

Look up an effect from the given EffectRecord list.

If a given memory range matches an EffectRecord, return the effect type. Otherwise return EffectRecord::unknown_effect

Parameters

efflist	is the list of EffectRecords which must be sorted
addr	is the starting address of the given memory range
size	is the number of bytes in the memory range

Returns: the EffectRecord type

References ghidra::EffectRecord::compareByAddress(), ghidra::Address::getSpace(), ghidra::AddrSpace::getType(), ghidra::IPTR_INTERNAL, ghidra::Address::overlap(), ghidra::EffectRecord::unaffected, and ghidra::EffectRecord::unknown_effect.

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::hasEffect().

◆ lookupRecord()

int4 ghidra::ProtoModel::lookupRecord	(	const vector< EffectRecord > &	efflist,
		int4	listSize,
		const Address &	addr,
		int4	size
	)

static

Look up a particular EffectRecord from a given list by its Address and size.

The index of the matching EffectRecord from the given list is returned. Only the first listSize elements are examined, which much be sorted by Address. If no matching range exists, a negative number is returned.

-1 if the Address and size don't overlap any other EffectRecord
-2 if there is overlap with another EffectRecord

Parameters

efflist	is the given list
listSize	is the number of records in the list to search through
addr	is the starting Address of the record to find
size	is the size of the record to find

Returns: the index of the matching record or a negative number

References ghidra::EffectRecord::compareByAddress(), and ghidra::Address::overlap().

Referenced by ghidra::FuncProto::decodeEffect().

◆ possibleInputParam()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::possibleInputParam	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size
	)		const

inline

Does the given storage location make sense as an input parameter.

Within this model, decide if the storage location can be considered an input parameter.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the storage location
size	is the number of bytes in the storage location

Returns: true if the location can be a parameter

References ghidra::ParamList::possibleParam().

◆ possibleInputParamWithSlot()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::possibleInputParamWithSlot	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		int4 &	slot,
		int4 &	slotsize
	)		const

inline

Pass-back the slot and slot size for the given storage location as an input parameter.

This checks if the given storage location acts as an input parameter in this model and passes back the number of slots that it occupies.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the storage location
size	is the number of bytes in the storage location
slot	if the slot number to pass back
slotsize	is the number of consumed slots to pass back

Returns: true if the location can be a parameter

References ghidra::ParamList::possibleParamWithSlot().

◆ possibleOutputParam()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::possibleOutputParam	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size
	)		const

inline

Does the given storage location make sense as a return value.

Within this model, decide if the storage location can be considered an output parameter.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the storage location
size	is the number of bytes in the storage location

Returns: true if the location can be a parameter

References ghidra::ParamList::possibleParam().

◆ possibleOutputParamWithSlot()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::possibleOutputParamWithSlot	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		int4 &	slot,
		int4 &	slotsize
	)		const

inline

Pass-back the slot and slot size for the given storage location as a return value.

This checks if the given storage location acts as an output parameter in this model and passes back the number of slots that it occupies.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the storage location
size	is the number of bytes in the storage location
slot	if the slot number to pass back
slotsize	is the number of consumed slots to pass back

Returns: true if the location can be a parameter

References ghidra::ParamList::possibleParamWithSlot().

◆ unjustifiedInputParam()

bool ghidra::ProtoModel::unjustifiedInputParam	(	const Address &	loc,
		int4	size,
		VarnodeData &	res
	)		const

inline

Check if the given storage location looks like an unjustified input parameter.

The storage for a value may be contained in a normal parameter location but be unjustified within that container, i.e. the least significant bytes are not being used. If this is the case, pass back the full parameter location and return true.

Parameters

loc	is the starting address of the given storage
size	is the number of bytes in the given storage
res	is the full parameter storage to pass back

Returns: true if the given storage is unjustified within its parameter container

References ghidra::ParamList::unjustifiedContainer().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

fspec.hh
fspec.cc

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Friends

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ ProtoModel() [1/2]

◆ ProtoModel() [2/2]

Member Function Documentation

◆ assignParameterStorage()

◆ assumedInputExtension()

◆ assumedOutputExtension()

◆ buildParamList()

◆ characterizeAsInputParam()

◆ characterizeAsOutput()

◆ checkInputJoin()

◆ checkInputSplit()

◆ checkOutputJoin()

◆ decode()

◆ deriveInputMap()

◆ deriveOutputMap()

◆ getBiggestContainedInputParam()

◆ getBiggestContainedOutput()

◆ getMaxInputDelay()

◆ getMaxOutputDelay()

◆ hasEffect()

◆ isCompatible()

◆ lookupEffect()

◆ lookupRecord()

◆ possibleInputParam()

◆ possibleInputParamWithSlot()

◆ possibleOutputParam()

◆ possibleOutputParamWithSlot()

◆ unjustifiedInputParam()